What factors affect vulnerability to lightning?

The correct choice highlights that multiple factors contribute to an object's vulnerability to lightning, which include height, location, material composition, and time of year.

Height and location are crucial because taller structures and those situated in open areas or along ridges are more likely to be struck by lightning due to their elevation compared to the surrounding terrain. Lightning tends to follow the path of least resistance, which is often found in taller objects.

Material composition is significant as some materials conduct electricity more efficiently than others. For example, metal structures are more susceptible to lightning strikes than non-conductive materials, as they can provide a pathway for electrical discharge.

Time of year can also influence vulnerability, as certain seasons, especially those with increased thunderstorm activity, lead to a higher frequency of lightning strikes. Understanding that these factors work in conjunction provides a comprehensive view of the risks associated with lightning strikes, making this choice the most complete and accurate response.