What was invented first as part of lightning protection systems?

Lightning rods were invented first as part of lightning protection systems, with Benjamin Franklin's famous experiments in the 18th century leading to their development. These rods, designed to intercept lightning strikes, provide a path for the electrical charge to safely reach the ground, thus preventing damage to buildings and structures.

The concept of using a conductive element to draw down lightning and protect a structure laid the foundation for subsequent innovations in lightning protection, such as lightning arrestors and air terminals. Prior to the invention of the lightning rod, there was a lack of understanding about lightning and its behavior, which is why later elements—like surge arrestors and ground conductors—were developed to enhance overall protection, but they built upon the fundamental principles established by the lightning rod.